我国中小学校学生欺凌行为及其治理

摘要

During the period of social transition in China,the bullying among students in primary and middle schools are becoming increasingly serious:it takes various forms,impacts a wide range of people,involves wicked means,and leads to serious consequences. The bullying is mainly caused by such factors as the disorder in social culture and code of behavior,the drawback of personality of some students,the limited effect of moral and legal educations,and the imbalance in the mechanism governing interpersonal interactions. To cope with students’ bullying,a multiple treatment system should be constructed from different perspectives, which include cultivating students “virtues”,caring about “the important others”,setting up “an anti-bullying agency”,constructing “a school community”,building “a social support system”,restoring “the classic social culture”,and enabling students to adhere to “healthy beliefs and the dreams” .%社会转型期，我国中小学校学生欺凌行为日趋严重。欺凌形式多样，范围广泛，手段恶劣，后果严重，具有明显的全面性、多样性、常态性、隐蔽性等特征。学生欺凌行为形成的主要原因有社会文化失范、行为规范失序、主体人格失当、道德与法制教育失效、共同作用机制失衡等。祛除学生欺凌行为，须以全纳的视角构建多元治理体系，从培养学生“美德”、关注“重要他人”、设立“反欺凌机构”、构建“学校道德共同体”、建立“社会支持系统”、形塑“社会经典文化”、秉持“信仰与梦想”等方面做起。