西南部分野生羊肚菌 IT S序列鉴定及生境分析

摘要

分析了川渝7个县（／区）18个位点野生羊肚菌的生态环境；同时对羊肚菌的品种进行鉴定。运用SPSS对各位点野生羊肚菌的生态环境相关数据（包括海拔、生长环境、土壤物理指标和有机质、总氮、总磷等化学成分）进行因子分析。采用内转录间隔区（ ITS）序列，结合观察特征，鉴定各位点羊肚菌品种。各位点样品PCR扩增所得片段大小约为1200～1800 bp，经过测序及BLAST分析，18个位点羊肚菌品种集中为羊肚菌（ Morchella esculenta）、尖顶羊肚菌（ Morchella conica）、小羊肚菌（ Morchella deliciosa）等7个种类，与根据形态命名方式得到的结果差距较大；其生境中关键因子为有机质，范围为0．55％～2．60％；其次是磷元素和含水量。西南地区野生羊肚菌生境相似度较高，品种较为集中，为西南地区羊肚菌野生资源研究和人工栽培提供了参考依据。%The ecological environment of wild Morchella from 18 sites’ in 7 counties of Sichuan and Chongqing was investigated, at the same time the Morchella species were identified .The related data of ecological environment , in-cluding altitude , growth environment , soil physical indicators , organic matter , total nitrogen and total phosphorus were carried out factor analysis using SPSS .Each Morchella species sample of the sites was identified by the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence analysis, combined with the characteristics observation of Morchella species.The ITS result indicated that the length of PCR fragments from each site ’ s samples collected was 1 200-1 800 bp and the 18 samples were similar to 7 kinds of M.esculenta, M.conica, M.deliciosa etc through sequencing and BLAST ana-lyses.There is a fairly large gap as compared with the result of Morchella classified by morphological nomenclature . The key factors in the habitat were organic substances that ranged from 0.55%to 2.60%, followed by phosphorus and moisture content .The habitat similarity of wild Morchella in SW China is fairly high , and their variety is relatively concentrated .This study provides a reference foundation for artificial cultivation and the research of wild Morchella re-sources in SW China .