试论宋代中外交流中译语的职能——兼谈宋代来华外国人的语言交流问题

摘要

The translators in Song Dynasty could be divided into two categories：one was the official translators,another was the folk translators.Besides interpretation,translation,mediation,vouch,and assistant,the functions of the translators in foreign exchange had another important function--as a ceremonial staff in diplomacy.In the times of Song Dynasty,since Japan and Korea during also used Chinese characters,the Japanese and Koreans could have conversation by writing with the Song people,so the language barrier was relatively little.The superior cultural status of the Song Dynasty made the Chinese language be in a strong oosition,while the cultural superiority also made the translators be in a low status.%宋代译语可分为两类：一个是官方译语,一个是民间译语。宋代中外交流中译语的职能除了口译、笔译、中介、担保、助理以外,还有一项重要职能就是在外交活动中担任礼仪人员。宋朝时期由于日本和高丽还使用汉字,所以日本人和高丽人能够通过笔谈的方式与宋人交流,语言障碍较小。宋朝优越的文化地位造就了汉语的强势地位,而同时这种文化优越感又造成了与蛮夷打交道的译语的低下地位。