赛艇测功仪在帆船运动员体能测试中的应用研究

摘要

There is no available egometer of sailing yet at present,and it has not established appraisal system of physical ability already,meanwhile indices of physical ability test of sailing are also relatively less.This paper did physical ability test on national team sailors of 470 class with rowing egometer,demonstrated the feasibility of test way of sailors＇ physical ability with rowing egometer,and furthermore analyzed the relativity of demand of physical ability between those two sports events.We have tested large numbers of elite female rowers of open class and light class of national team and part of provincial teams both home and abroad for 60 minute power of CONCEPT II egometer,and also tested for powers of 10 seconds,1minute and 6 minutes of CONCEPT II egometer on four female sailors of 470 class of current national team,then analyzed and compared the test results between sailors and rowers by means of literature consultation,system analysis method,experimental research and inspection method.Seen from the test results,the ratios of aerobic and anaerobic ability in rowing and sailing are very approaching,which indicated that there is definite similarity of physical ability structure between these two sports events.Due to the similarity of physical ability structure between rowing and sailing,we can do statistical analysis on physical ability structure of rowing with the use of extremely complete rowing egometer test data,and establish related appraisal system of sailing.%帆船项目与赛艇项目均为有氧项目,对于运动员有氧能力训练都非常重视。目前帆船项目还没有适合自身项目规律的测功仪,帆船的体能测试指标还相对较少,尚未建立体能评价体系。使用赛艇测功仪对国家队帆船470级运动员进行体能测试,验证使用赛艇测功仪作为帆船运动员体能测试手段的可行性,进而分析两个项目对体能需求的相关性,对1998年以来国内外国家队和部分省队的多名优秀女子赛艇公开级与轻量级运动员进行赛艇CONCEPT II测功仪的60min功率测试,并运用文献资料法、系统分析法、实验研究与观察法等将测试结果与赛艇女子运动员进行分析比较。从测试的结果来看,两个项目在有氧能力与无氧能力之间的比例关系非常的接近,说明两者在体能结构上具有一定的相似性。由于赛艇与帆船在体能结构方面的相似性,借助于赛艇项目非常完备的测功仪测试数据,通过统计和分析赛艇体能结构,可促进完成帆船相关评价体系的建立。