应然与实然：人权保障视角下的民事审判

摘要

Judicial protection of human rights requires a few conditions:access to justice,procedural safeguards system and purification of judicial environment.Civil trial and protection of human rights are closely linked,which involves procedural rights and internally consistent entity rights.The exist-ence of human rights is a prerequisite for the civil trial that provides space for the development of hu-man rights protection.The current human rights protection in civil trial has some problems:inappro-priate guidance inside and outside the court ,inadequate judicial authority and judges′courage,imbal-ance of human rights protection caused by institutional barriers and dislocation of concept resulting in ineffective protection of civil rights and so on.Therefore,we need to promote civil trial reform and improve judicial capacity of judges.%司法对人权保障需要几个环节，即接近司法的机制、程序保障机制、司法环境“净化”机制。民事审判与人权保障是紧密联系的，主要表现为：程序权利、实体权利内在一致，人权的存在是民事审判的前提，民事审判为人权保障提供发展空间。当前民事审判中人权保障还存在不尽人意之处，如法院内外不适当的引导，司法权威和法官胆略不足，制度障碍造成人权保障失衡，观念错位导致民事权益保障不力等等。因此，需从推动民事审判改革、提高法官司法能力等方面加以完善。