东南亚三国学生汉语趋向补语习得顺序研究

摘要

This paper redefines the acquisition criterion and divides DCs into 14 sub-structures accord-ing to the previous study of Xiqiang Xiao(2009).Based on more than 700,000 words corpus of written materials by CFL learners of Thailand,Vietnam and Laos,it points out that the process of acquisition sequence of DCs turns out to be a general shape.The three patterns of DCs are U shape,non-linear and marked,which are “V+ simple DC + location object”,“V+ location objects + lai/qu”and “V+ simple DC (extended meaning)”,and the sentence pattern “V+simple DCs(extending meaning)+non-location objects”which has high utilization is un-marked,the acquisition of unmarked sentence tends to be stable and overused.L1 can still be an important factor for our understanding of the per-ception of grammatical items,which affects its acquisition order and learning speed.Based on the cor-pus of interlanguage and language composition,the true typological characteristics of Chinese DCs are likely to be found.%沿用肖奚强等（2009）的分类，把汉语趋向补语的各句式分为14类，在对70多万字中介语语料统计分析基础上，得出了以下结论：泰国、越南和老挝三国学生习得趋向补语的顺序大致相似，“动词＋简单趋向补语＋处所宾语”“动词＋处所宾语＋来／去”和“动词＋简单趋向补语（引申义）”的习得呈现出明显的非线性。通过语言类型对比发现，这些句式是汉语中标记性较强的趋向补语句式，“主＋动＋简单趋向补语（引申义）＋宾语”是典型的无标记的趋向补语句式，标记性强的句式习得常常呈现非线性，无标记句式的习得情况较为稳定，且呈现出过度使用的情况。母语对趋向补语习得的影响表现在其影响语言使用者对语言的认知凸显，基于中介语语料库和语言类型对比的研究更能反映出汉语的规律性。