孔子整个思想的核心观念是＂仁＂。仁是孔门儒学中至高无上的道。道、仁一体不二,道即是仁,仁即是道,而非仁外有道,道外有仁。但仁的内在性又不能简单地等同于主体自身的感性欲望与生理满足,而是一种同时融入了知与情、理与义、礼与道、体与用的最高德性,甚至还是具有一定超越性、绝对性、必然性与命令性的人性情感,因此而更符合人之为人的群体特征与社会性要求。但仁又是一种很难企及的德性境界,是一种近于神秘的、具有强烈终极感与归宿感的宗教体验。一人之仁难以达到,＂天下归仁＂局面的实现更显得渺茫。仁只不过是儒家所大力倡导与鼓呼的乌托邦,它在过去的任何时代都没有实现过,将来也不可能实现。它也正因此而成为激励人类不断进取的精神动力。%The core concept of Confucius is ＂Ren＂ （or benevolence, humanity, kindheartedness）. Ren is the supreme Dao （or way, rule） of Confucianism. Dao and Ren cannot be separated. Dao is Ren, and Ren is Dao. However, the internality of Ren is not one＇s emotional desire and physiological satisfaction simply. It is the highest virtue which includes other moralities. So it is in line with people＇s group characteristics and social requirements better. Ren is hard to achieve. The situation of ＂world to Ren＂ is remote. Ren is just a utopia which Confucian advocates and drums. It has not been realized in the past. It will not be realized in the future either. Therefore, it becomes the intellectual impetus that inspires human to progress.
展开▼
