多元合金化处理对高锰钢组织和性能的影响

摘要

在普通高锰钢中分别添加 Cr-V-Ti-RE,Cr-V-Ti,Cr-RE 和 V-Ti-Nb-RE 对其进行合金化处理.采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、力学性能检测、冲击磨料磨损试验等手段,研究不同合金化处理对高锰钢显微组织和力学性能的影响.研究结果表明,合金化处理能细化高锰钢晶粒1~2级,改善夹杂物的大小、形态及分布,并且使高锰钢的硬度、冲击韧性和耐磨性有较大幅度提高.其中经 Cr-V-Ti-RE 合金化处理的试样综合性能最优,其硬度为217 HBS,冲击韧性为155 J/cm2,与未经合金化处理的试样相比,分别提高了12.4%,32.5%,并且其耐磨性提高了13.9%~45.4%.在中、低冲击功下,高锰钢的磨损机制以凿坑变形和显微切削为主；在高冲击功下,磨损机制主要为疲劳剥落.%Hadfield steels were prepared by adjusting the components of the alloys by adding Cr-V-Ti-RE,Cr-V-Ti,Cr-RE ,and V-Ti-Nb-RE,respectively.The investigation was carried out to study the effect of multi-elements alloying on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Hadfield steel through metal-lographic microscope,scanning electron microscopy,mechanical properties tests and abrasive wear tests. The results have indicated that grains are refined observably,the form and distribution of impurities are improved,and the hardness,impact toughness and wear resistance increase due to multi-elements allo-ying.Meanwhile,the specimen with Cr-V-Ti-RE elements has optimal comprehensive performances,its hardness and impact toughness,compared with the one without Cr-V-Ti-RE elements,increase by 12.4%and 32.5% respectively,and the wear resistance increases by 13.9%~45.4%.The wear mechanism of Hadfield steel is pit deformation and microscopic cutting under middle and low impact energy,and spalling fatigue under high impact energy.