论行政行为规范的自律性人格之维--基于乔治· H．米德的“自我”理论视角

摘要

There are two ways of standardizing the administrative acts, namely system outside force and internal self psychological constraints.Meade thinks self is consisted with“I” and“me”.Because the admin-istrative personnel can not make a distinction between“I” and“me”, a mixed personality will be generated. When the mixed personality and discretionary power appear in the executive body, Administrative personnel behavior will be against the rules.The rules can not limit freedom of administrative personnel.As per ordinary occupations, the opposition between“I” and“me” has little effect on the occupations.While that of adminis-trators is the core reason of administrative behavior anomie.Therefore, only reforming the self-discipline per-sonality of administrators in the moralized regulations can the alienated administrative behaviors be avoided.%从形式上看，行政行为异化是由于制度的不完善所引发的。而现实中制度只能对行政行为做出模糊的原则性要求，至于行政人员的具体行动则受他的自我价值观支配。米德认为由“主我”与“客我”的辩证统一关系组成了自我，当“主我”的私利追求与“客我”的公利实现共同组成行政人员的自我时，他就生成了混合性人格。对于社会其他职业而言，混合性人格中“主我”与“客我”的对立对职责的实现影响不大，但是，由于行政人员职业的特殊性，“主我”与“客我”的冲突则是导致行政行为失范的本质原因。因此，统一行政人员的“主我”与“客我”认知，把道德价值的内容充分吸纳到制度中，在德制中重塑行政人员的自律性人格，才能从根本上规避行政行为异化的问题。