应然有效与实然有效--解读“忠实”原则的普遍有效性

摘要

Universality of the “Faithfulness” principle is a proposition that has caused widespread skepticism in the circle of translation studies . Starting from instances of deviance from the “faithfulness” principle in actual translation practice , this paper interprets the universality of “faithfulness” as a moral principle from the dimensions of “ideal validity” and “factual validity” , and points out that deviance in actual translation practice in itself is not ground enough to negate the “factual validity” of “faithfulness” as a moral principle , and the loss of “factual validity” in itself is not ground enough to negate the “ideal validity” of “faithfulness” as a moral principle .“Faithfulness” , as a proposition denoting the “ought” of translation , is meant to regulate , guide and change the actual state of translation in real life .%“忠实”原则的普遍有效性是一个在译学界引起广泛质疑的论题。以“忠实”原则在实际运用中所遭遇的背离为出发点，从“实然有效”与“应然有效”两个维度对“忠实”原则的普遍有效性进行了解读，指出实际运用中的背离不足以构成否定“忠实”原则之实然有效性的充分依据，实然层面上的失效也不能构成其应然层面上失效的充分依据。“忠实”作为一个“应然”命题，其存在本意正在于规范、引导、改变翻译的实然状态，以“应然”来规范“实然”。