论唐代的旱灾与政府赈济

摘要

In Chinese history Tang Dynasty was the period filled with natural disasters,especially droughts which happened 210 times mainly in summer and autumn and were characterized by moderate and strong droughts.The frequent droughts caused crops failure and famine in vast areas,and then led to locusts and epidemic diseases and the appearance of refugee and eruption of peasant uprising.These brought immense damages to people’s life,economic development and the social stability.The rulers of Tang dynasty carried out a series of relief measures after the droughts for the purpose of preserving their dominance.The main of those were distributing relief materials,loan,reduction for rent and enslavement,emigrant for grain,and economize expenses.These relief measures played a certain role in lightening disaster and ensuring the basic life of victims of natural calamity.%唐代是我国历史上自然灾害的多发期,尤其是旱灾,极其频繁,共计发生210次,主要集中在夏、秋二季,以中度干旱和严重干旱居多。频仍的旱灾造成农作物减产甚至是绝收,引发大面积的饥荒;连锁发生蝗灾和疫灾等次生灾害;导致流民潮的出现和农民起义的爆发。给百姓生活、社会经济带来巨大的灾难和损失,并严重影响到社会秩序的稳定。旱灾发生后,唐朝的统治者出于维护自己统治的考虑,及时采取了实物救助、赈贷、蠲免赋税徭役、调粟赈民及节约开支等一系列的赈济政策和措施,在一定程度上减轻了灾害,保障了灾民的基本生活。