免疫分析方法在磺胺类药物残留检测中的应用

摘要

磺胺类药物是一类常用的广谱型抗菌药,主要用于预防和治疗细菌感染性疾病,并可作为添加剂在动物饲料中长期添加.但磺胺类药物的不规范使用会导致不同程度的药物残留,从而引起生态环境污染,威胁人类健康.磺胺类药物在人体内蓄积会引起过敏反应、造血功能紊乱、肾脏损伤等.因此,研究简单快速、灵敏度高、特异性强的磺胺类药物残留检测方法十分必要.免疫分析方法利用高亲和力抗体对抗原进行特异性识别,是近几年磺胺类药物残留快速检测的研究热点.综述了放射性免疫、化学发光免疫、酶联免疫、免疫层析、免疫传感器等免疫分析方法在磺胺类药物残留快速检测中的应用,并对免疫分析方法今后的发展进行展望.%Sulfonamides is a type of commonly used broad-spectrum antimicrobials which are used primarily for the prevention and treatment of bacterial infectious diseases and are used as feed supplements in animal feeding for a long time.However,the use of non-standard use of sulfa drugs will lead to different levels of residues,causing ecological pollution and human health hazards.The accumulation of the drug in the human body can cause allergic reactions,hematopoietic disorders and damage the kidneys.Therefore,the study of simple and rapid,high sensitivity,specificity of the detection method for the protection of human health is of great significance.Immunoassay is one of the hotspots in the rapid detection of sulfa drug residues in recent years by using high affinity antibodies to specifically recognize antigens.In this paper,the application of radio immunoassay,chemiluminescence immunoassay,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,immunochromatography and immunosensor in rapid detection of sulfonamides residues is reviewed,and its future development is prospected.