俄罗斯乡村教师职业活动的特点

摘要

俄罗斯农村学校传统上与城镇中小学的职能明显不同。农村中小学在当地社会环境中,在经济、社会、教育、文化、道德因素中处于核心地位。因此,农村中小学教师的地位和作用极为特殊,是当地社会的公众人物,是行为的典范、权威人士,参与各种问题的决策和解决。因此,俄罗斯农村教师应具有与城市教师不同的职业特点,是教师同时也是法官、保护者、引导者、权威者。国家在对农村教师进行教育和培养时,应该采取特殊的、有针对性的措施,以适应农村社会环境及发展的需要。%Russian Rural school is different from the functions of middle and elementary schools.In the local social environment,middle and elementary schools are in the core in the economics,society,education,culture and moral factors.Therefore,the status and functions are special,public beings and countermeasures and solutions.Because of professional characteristics of Rural and city teachers,teachers are judge,protector,leader and authoritarian.In the education and nurture,countermeasures need to be taken in order to fit the needs of rural social environment.