论福柯的话语理论对资本主义父权文明体制的反思与批判

摘要

While Foucault is not a feminist, as a non -heterosexual, he has approached the heterosexual pa- triarchy system in an inspective and critical manner just because of his experience and encounters. Moreover, he has, through his discourse theory, shaken the theoretic basis of the capitalistic patriarchial civilization system by challenging the authority of truths. As the capitalistic patriarchial civilization system, which requests people to pur- sue knowledge and truths so as to be be rational, prescribes and excludes all those deviant from it, including ＂the denial of feminine gender＂, Foucauh＇ s criticism of rational centrism and his opposition to the uppercase is virtually against phallocentrism and machismo. As such, postmodern feminism has come to realize that feminsim may fall in- to the trap of the patriarchial knowledge system if it aims to pursue various notions stipulated by rationality; whereas the previous goal of emancipation aspired by feminism, with man as the standard scale and itself constrained by the patriarchial civilization system, might meet with the outcome of reconstituting ＂the phallus worship＂. As the knowl- edge about men is constructed, the constraint on males is almost ridiculous as that on females in the patriarchial civilization system.%虽然福柯本人并非一名女性主义者，但作为一名非异性恋者，他本人的经验和遭遇使他拥有对异性恋父权体制审视和批判的眼光，他的话语理论通过挑战真理的权威地位，动摇了资本主义父权文明体制的理论基础。资本主义父权文明体制要求人们追求知识，获得真理，成为理性的人，这一父权规范，排斥一切与之背离的人群，其中包括“排除阴性”。福柯批判理性中心主义，反对大写的人，实际上是反对阳具中心主义，反对大男子主义。后现代女性主义由此而进一步认识到，女性主义如果追求理性所确定的种种观念，可能陷入父权知识系统的陷阱而不能自拔。往昔女性主义追求的解放目标，以男人为标准尺度，本身受到了父权文明体制的制约，可能发生再造“阳具崇拜”后果。关于男人的知识是建构起来的。男人在父权文明体制中所受到的限制和女人几乎一样荒谬。