Objective To study the relationship between histological chorioamniontis and compli‐cations of premature birth . Methods 108 preterm infants (≤34 weeks)were selected from June 2012 to June 2014 in our hospital . The cases were divided into two groups ,50 with chorioamnionitis in case group and 58 cases without chorioamnionitis in control group . Clinical and laboratory data of the 108 pre‐mature infants were retrospectively analyzed . The complications [asphyxia ,neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS ) , necrotizing entercolitis (NEC ) , early‐onset sepsis , periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) ,intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) ,bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)] of the two groups were compared . The relationship between chorioamniontis and the infants complications were investigated . Results Compared with the control group ,the incidence of complications (asphyxia ,early‐onset sepsis , PVL ,IVH ,BPD)were higher in the case group ,which was with statistical significance (P<0 .05) . But the incidence of RDS and NEC in the two groups were not statistically significant (P>0 .05) . Conclu‐sions Chorioamnionitis is associated with the complications of preterm birth . It can increase the inci‐dence of complications (asphyxia ,early‐onset sepsis ,PVL ,IVH ,BPD) in preterm birth but has little effect on the incidence of the complications RDS and NEC .%目的：探讨绒毛膜羊膜炎与早产儿并发症的关系。方法选择在产科分娩的早产儿（≤34周）108例，按是否存在绒毛膜羊膜炎分为绒毛膜羊膜炎组（病例组）50例和非绒毛膜羊膜炎组（对照组）58例，比较2组以下并发症的发病率：窒息、早发型败血症、呼吸窘迫综合征（RDS ）、坏死性小肠结肠炎（N EC ）、脑室旁白质软化（PVL）、脑室内出血（IVH）、支气管肺发育不良（BPD），分析绒毛膜羊膜炎与上述并发症的相关性。结果病例组窒息、早发型败血症、IVH、PVL、BPD的发病率均高于对照组（P均＜0．05）；RDS和 NEC的发病率2组差别无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。结论绒毛膜羊膜炎与早产儿的并发症关系密切，可导致窒息、早发型败血症、PVL、IV H、BPD的发病率升高。
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