为了研究越南油茶(Camellia vietnamensis)不同丰产成年实生树茶籽油脂肪酸组成的变异特点,对其种子采用索氏提取法提取茶籽油,再经气相色谱(gas chromatography,GC)法测定主要脂肪酸含量.结果表明,越南油茶茶籽油不饱和脂肪酸总含量为86.52％,其中油酸含量又高达77.6％; 油酸和棕榈酸含量的变异系数不足10％而说明其遗传较稳定; 油酸和亚油酸、棕榈酸和油酸、棕榈酸和亚油酸等含量间的一元线性回归方程极显著,且各自二者分别呈极显著负、负、正一元线性相关; 对35 个丰产单株依据茶籽油的主要脂肪酸含量作聚类分析,可聚成 8 类(r2＝0.885),并且聚类主要是基于油酸和亚油酸含量的类间差异性和类内相似性.可见,在越南油茶种质资源按照营养品质分类和针对营养品质进行新品种选育时,可将油酸含量作为分类和选择的重要参考指标.%To explore the composition variation of the main fatty acids,seeds which were collected from adult high-yielding Camellia vietnamensis seedling trees were used to extract oil by soxhlet method,and then GC was used to determinate the content of the main fatty acids of the seed oil.The results showed that the content of unsaturated fatty acid reached 86.52％,and the important component was oleic acid whose content accounted for 77.6％,and the variance coefficients of the content of oleic and palmitoleic acids were less than 10％,thus,suggesting goodgenetic stability.The unitary linear regression equations of the content of oleic and linoleic acid,the content of oleic and palmitic acid,and the content of inoleic and palmitic acid were extremely significant,and the unitary linear correlations among the three both showed extremely significantly negative,negative and positive,respectively.The analysis of cluster based on the content of the major fatty acids indicated that 35 high-yielding seedling trees could be clustered into 8 classes(r2＝0.885),meanwhile,the classes were clustered by the interblock differences and the interclass similarity of oleic and linoleic acids.In conclusion,the oleic acid content could be an important indicator in the classification of germplasm and the selection of C.vietnamensis breeding based on the nutritional quality.
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