试析伊恩·麦克尤恩小说《既仙即死》中的不可靠叙述

摘要

Cognitive narrative criticism focuses on the decisive role of writer＇ s intentions and text rhetoric, and thus the understanding of unreliable narrative depends on the text itself; rhetoric narrative criticism stresses the readers＇ role in understanding unreliable narrative, regarding unreliable narrative as one of the readers＇ interpretation strategies and thus emphasizing conventional text and cognitive frame. The two methods complement well in narrative criticism. This paper analyzes unreliable narrative in Little Deaths by Ian McEwan and believes that the cognitive approach is im- portant in studying the ethical meanings of unreliable narrative.%基于修辞方法的叙事批评注重作者意图和文本修辞对于文本意义的决定作用，从文本内部来理解不可靠叙述；基于认知方法的叙事批评强调从读者阅读的角度来看叙事的不可靠性，将不可靠叙述理解为读者的一种阐释策略，并注重在此过程中文类规约和认知框架所起的作用。这两种方法在叙事批评中能够形成较好的互补。笔者主要从修辞角度探讨麦克尤恩的短篇小说《既仙即死》中的不可靠叙述，同时也试图阐明运用认知方法探讨不可靠叙述的伦理意义具有重要作用。