乌桕梓油理化特性及其酶法制备生物柴油的研究

摘要

测定了乌桕梓油常规理化特性.采用柱层析、薄层层析和气相色谱法,研究了乌桕梓油中甘油酯种类及其脂肪酸组成.采用高温气相色谱/EI质谱联用仪直接分析了乌桕梓油中甘油酯结构.结果表明,乌桕梓油中性脂占98.79%,磷脂占0.22%,糖脂占0.99%.乌桕梓油中性脂的脂肪酸组成主要有C12:0、C14:0、C16:0、C17:0、C18:0、C18:1、C18:2和C18:3,磷脂中没有检出C12:0和C17:0,糖脂中则没有检出C17:0.乌桕梓油中甘油酯组成主要有月桂酸棕榈酸亚油酸甘油三酯、硬脂酸亚油酸亚麻甘油三酯、双棕榈酸亚油酸甘油三酯、棕榈酸亚油酸亚麻酸甘油三酯和双亚油酸亚麻酸甘油三酯等5种.最后,比较了无溶剂体系和叔丁醇体系中,以杂醇油为酰基受体,初步研究了脂肪酶法制备乌桕梓油生物柴油效果.结果表明,对于无溶剂体系和叔丁醇体系而言,当Novozym435与Lipozyme TLIM脂肪酶复合比例为2:4时,生物柴油转化率达到最高,分别为98.28%和76.33%.%The physico - chemical properties of Chinese tallow kernel oil were determined, and the fatty acid compo-sition of the oil was studied with column chromatography, thin - layer chromatography and gas chromatography. Results show:Neutral fat, phospholipid and glycolipid accounts for98.79%, 0.22% and 0.99%, respectively in the Chinese tal-low kernel oil. The fatty acid components of the neutral fat are C12:0, C14:0, C16:0, C17:0, C18:0, C18: 1, C18:2 and C18:3, while the fatty acid composition of the phospholiid is free of C12:0 and C17:0, and the fatty acid composition of the glycolipid is free of C17:0. Five types of triglyeeride are included in Chinese tallow kernel oil, and the prominent type is LLLn triglyceride. Finally, production of biodiesel from Chinese tallow kernel oil using lipase as biocatalyst was ex-plored in solvent free system and t - butanol system, respectively. With Novozym 435 and Lipozyme TLIM complex ratio of 2:4, the biodiesel translation rate for solvent free system and t- butanol system is up to 98.28 % and 76.33 %, respec-tively.