不同包装材料密闭储藏对花生品质影响

摘要

为了获得适合储藏花生包装材料,探讨包装材料对花生耐贮性的影响,研究了4种不同的包装材料密闭储藏花生对花生色泽、品质、发芽率、虫害和黄曲霉毒素防控效果的影响.结果表明:不同包装材料储藏花生效果差异非常显著.铝箔袋包装花生种皮颜色在储藏期间没有发生变化,尼龙/聚乙烯(PA/PE)薄膜袋包装花生的种皮颜色变化速度比PE膜缓慢,而PE膜比编织袋包装的变化缓慢;铝箔袋、PA/PE复合膜密闭包装储藏18个月后,花生米品质依然保持较好;铝箔袋密闭包装能长期保持花生发芽率;4种密闭包装方式抑制虫害繁殖作用差异显著,高通透性的编织袋包装的花生害虫侵蚀严重,而铝箔袋和PA/PE袋包装可以有效地抑制虫害的发生;铝箔袋、PA/PE复合膜包装花生米原料储藏18个月均没有黄曲霉毒素产生,但是PA/PE复合膜包装的部分花生有明显霉菌滋生.%In order to obtain the optimum packaging materials and study the influence of packaging materials on peanut,the paper investigated the effects of 4 types of packaging materials on peanut's color,storage quality,germination percentage,prevention of insect and aflatoxin.The results showed that the packaging materials had notable influences on peanut's storage quality index.The seed coat color change rate of peanut packaged in aluminium foil bag was not change at all.PA/PE packaging materials was slower than PE bag and PE bag slower than the woven bag.If aluminium foil bag and PA/PE bag were used,the peanut quality and freshness could be kept more than one year,Meanwhile,both of them had better germination rate.The 4 types of packaging materials had significant difference in restraining insect pests.The peanuts packaged in highly-permeable woven bag suffer serious invasion from insect pests,both aluminium foil and PA/PE bag could effectively prevent infection.Peanuts stored in aluminium foil and PA/PE bags had better effect of prevention and control aflatoxin,but some other fungi were significant growth in PA/PE bag after 18 months storage.