小人物与大历史--莫言《蛙》中的底层人物书写及价值

摘要

In Frog,MO Yan wants to explore people′s true state of existence through rural childbearing history in 60 years of new China.He creates all kinds of lower-class people.When writing their fate and experience,MO Yan expresses his discussion on human being,thinking of social changes and concern about folk culture.Actually, MO Yan sticks to putting lower-class people in macro-history to discuss humanity and think about life in his 30-year writing career.The embryology mechanism for MO Yan′s lower-class people writing comes from his views of humanity and literature,hometown complex of loving and hating and local experience.However,the writing a-bout lower-class people in Frog has changed among Mo Yan′s lower-class people pedigree in two aspects which are the way of narrating sufferings and critical strength.These changes constitute the uniqueness of lower-class people in Frog.%莫言的《蛙》透过新中国60年的乡村生育史探求“人”的生存本相，塑造了众多底层小人物。在书写他们的命运和遭际的同时，莫言表达了对“人”的探讨，对社会变迁的思考，对民间文化的关注。反观莫言30年的创作，他坚持把小人物置于大历史背景下来探讨人性，思考人生，其书写的发生学机理源于他的人学观、文学观，“恋乡-怨乡”的文化心理与乡土经验。然而，无论是言说苦难的方式还是批判现实的力度，《蛙》中的底层人物书写均在莫氏人物谱系中发生了嬗变，构成其独特性。