In the late Ming Dynasty, the trend of humanistic thoughts promoted the awakening of subject consciousness and self-consciousness in the art field, which led to the prosperity of the literati painting and calligraphy to express emotions.The theory of painting and calligraphy was remarkable, and the emotion nature of art was expressed the most vividly.There emerges Xu Wei, Dong Qichang and other well-known painters and calligraphers and theorists.They emphasized natural temperaments and subjective spirits, advocated the ink sentiment, pursued formal beauty, and integrated poetry, painting and calligraphy.Therefore, the mainstream position of literati painting was established.The characteristics of self-entertainment and lyricism of the literati's painting and calligraphy further demonstrated the emotional nature of calligraphy and painting, and affected the development and evolution of landscape painting in later Ming Dynasty.%晚明人文思潮推动了美术领域主体意识的觉醒和自我意识的标榜,致使以画寄情的文人画相当繁盛,直抒性情的书法异军突起,书画理论成果显著,艺术的情感本性在晚明文人书画中表现得淋漓尽致,出现了徐渭、董其昌等一大批著名的书画家、书画家兼理论家.他们在书画艺术中强调艺术家自然性情的抒发和主体精神的彰显,突出对笔墨情趣的倡导、形式美的追求和诗书画的融合,确立了文人画的主流地位,而文人书画所特具的自娱性和抒情性特征,则进一步彰显了书画艺术的情感本性,影响了晚明以后山水画的发展与演进.
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