人道主义干涉的伦理基础

摘要

Humanitarian Intervention is usually discussed as an exception to the nonintervention principle. According to this principle, one state is forbidden to exercise his authority, let alone to use force, within the jurisdiction of other states. It is difficult to find scant support of humanitarian interference in modern international law. However, there are such older traditions as natural law, Christianity and cosmopolitanism, according to which the use of force is justified not only in self-defense but also to punish the wrong and to protect the innocent. The reason that natural law, Christianity and cosmopolitanism defend for humanitarian intervention lies in that they all contain the thought of universality of human rights, relativity of sovereignty, and unity of international community.%人道主义干涉是不干涉原则的一个例外。不干涉原则禁止一个国家在其他国家管辖范围内行使权力，当然更不能使用武力。因此，在现代国际法中人道主义干涉很难找到依据。然而，有更古老的传统如自然法、基督教和世界主义思想，认为使用武力不仅在自我防卫时是正当的，而且出于惩罚恶行、保护无辜者这一目的时也是正当的。自然法中的“自然正义”、基督教的“邻人之爱”和世界主义的“普遍道德”之所以能为人道主义干涉进行辩护，在于它们都蕴涵着人权的普遍性、主权的相对性和国际社会的统一性思想。