自我与自然——浪漫主义自然观辨识

摘要

Romantics have revolutionized the old,classic,mechanical view of nature,made a breakthrough in the binary opposition between man and nature.Much has been written about the developed view of nature： someone thought that the romantics increasingly merged in nature;others made the point that the romantics and nature were estranged because of the strong sense of individuality.We can divide them into three grow according to their treatment of relationship between self and nature： the ＂Self was adsorbed by nature＂,the ＂Nature was engulfed by self＂ and the ＂Self was separated from nature superficially＂.Different type of the view has different representations in poets,even the same type show various features.The causes of the views＇ formation are also complicated,including the experience of life,the aesthetics thought,religious belief,etc.whose affect varies form people to people.This kind of classification can help us to figure out that although the way of integrating differs,the romantics do integrate into nature.We can also find out the difference and outline of the romantics＇ views of nature.%浪漫派革新了古典主义的机械自然观,打破了自我与自然二元对立的关系。关于这一新的自然观,有人认为浪漫主义者已与自然相融合,也有批评认为两者因浪漫派强烈自我意识的阻碍而有隔阂。从自我与自然关系入手,却可将所有浪漫派作家自然观分成三种类型：＂自我被自然吸附式＂、＂自然被自我吞噬式＂和＂自我和自然表象分离式＂。三类自然观在诗歌中的表现多样,且同类自然观在诗歌中可能有不同的表现。影响其形成的因素复杂,且这些因素的作用因人而异。这种分类考察帮助我们解答前面提出的疑惑,即浪漫主义者已与自然相融合,只是融合的方式不同;有助于辨析浪漫主义自然观内部的差异及总体面貌。