生态批评视域下的哈代小说

摘要

Hardy was often defined as the brilliant Critical Realistic novelist and most prolific poet when he was analyzed. With the development of Ecocriticism, people apply the theory of Ecoctiticism to analyze his works more frequently than before. This article will comprehensively analyze the natural ecolo- gy, social ecology and spiritual ecology, the three elements which are embodied in his works and their relationship from the perspective of Ecocriticism. Nature is the important source of literary writing and is the habitat of spirit for Hardy. Besides showing his concern over the natural ecology, Hardy vividly represented in his works the complex social reality, sharp social contradictions and the spiritual outlook of people in England at his age, which shows his thought towards social ecology and spiritual ecology.%人们在分析哈代时，往往把他界定为杰出的批判现实主义作家和多产的诗人。随着生态批评的兴起，人们越来越多地应用生态批评理论来分析他的作品。文章从生态批评的视角分析蕴涵在他作品中的自然生态，社会生态，精神生态以及它们之间的联系。自然是哈代文学创作的重要源泉，也是他的精神栖息地。除了关心自然生态，哈代在小说中真实地描述了当时英国复杂的社会现实、尖锐的社会矛盾以及人们的精神面貌，体现了他对社会生态和精神生态的思考。