现代汉语语料库中感叹句使用情况的统计分析

摘要

Interjectional sentences in modern Chinese corpus made by National Language Committee of China were studied.Based on the corpus,the paper makes an investigation into the interjectional sentences in 1920s-1930s and 1970s-1980s.It is concluded that the unmarked interjectional sentences occupy the dominant position.In the marked interjectional sentences Chinese modal particle is a sign of interjectional sentences,such as ＂吧＂、＂啊＂、＂呀＂、＂啦＂、＂呢＂.Adverbs and pronouns are also signs of interjectional sentences,for example,the model adverbs are＂多么、真＂and the model questionnaire pronoun is＂什么＂.In the interjectional sentences,questionnaire pronouns are used more than demonstrative pronouns.%以国家语委研制的现代汉语语料库中的感叹句为研究对象,对检索出的20世纪20-30年代和70-80年代的感叹句进行了定量分析。结果显示：第一,感叹句以无标记感叹句为主,所占比重超过一半以上。第二,在有标记的感叹句中,标记之一是感叹成分,其中语气词的感叹程度最高,典型的感叹语气词是＂吧＂、＂啊＂、＂呀＂、＂啦＂、＂呢＂;标记之二是标记词,典型标记词是副词＂多么、真＂和疑问代词＂什么＂。第三,标记词中的代词标记词又以疑问代词为主,在感叹句中,疑问代词比指示代词占优势。