纳米氧化锌对人胚肾HEK293细胞的遗传毒性

摘要

纳米氧化锌在人体内积蓄产生生物毒性,引起了人们对其安全性的重视.为了评价纳米氧化锌的遗传毒性,设置10、25、50、75和100 mg/L 5个剂量组的纳米氧化锌培养液与人胚肾细胞(HEK293细胞)分别接触培养12、24和48 h后,采用单细胞凝胶电泳(SCGE)试验分析纳米氧化锌对细胞DNA的损伤情况,体外微核试验检测细胞微核率.结果显示,随着培养基中纳米氧化锌浓度的增加,与对照组相比,染毒细胞头部DNA含量显著降低,尾部DNA含量、尾矩、Olive尾矩数值显著升高(P＜0.05)；微核试验发现染毒组的微核率显著升高.研究结果提示,高浓度的纳米氧化锌可引起HEK293胚肾细胞DNA和染色体水平损伤,表现出遗传毒性效应,为纳米氧化锌的安全性提供了可靠的理论依据.%The biological toxicity induced by the accumulation of ZnO nanoparticles in the body causes people's attention more and more. To study the genetoxic effect of ZnO nanoparticles with different concentrations on human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293), the human embryonic kidney cells were exposed to ZnO nanoparticles at the concentrations of 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg/L for 12, 24 and 48 h, respectively. The modified comet assay and micronucleus test were performed to research the effect of DNA and chromosomal damage. The results showed that the DNA damage of treated groups was more serious than that of the control. The tail moment, olive tail moment and tail DNA percentage were significantly increased with the rising of ZnO nanoparticles concentration, but the head DNA percentage was decreased. Micronucleus assay showed that the micronuclear rates increased. The result showed that ZnO nanoparticles had the genotoxicity effect on HEK293 cells in vitro, leading to DNA and chromosomal damage. This study provides a scientific basis for evaluating the safry exposure to ZnO nanoparticles.