摘要：目的:比较致畸试验中3种常用阳性对照物的致畸效应,为食品、保健品、化妆品致畸试验中阳性对照物的选择提供参考.方法:将交配成功的SD大鼠按照妊娠时间随机分为4组,分别为阴性对照组,阿司匹林组(280 mg/kg),敌枯双组(1 mg/kg)和环磷酰胺组(12 mg/kg).阿司匹林组和敌枯双组于受孕后第6~15天按10 mL/kg分别灌胃相应的溶液,环磷酰胺组于受孕后第12天腹腔一次注射给药.记录受孕后第0、6、9、12、15、20天孕鼠体质量.于受孕后第20天麻醉处死孕鼠,迅速取出子宫,称子宫连胎质量及子宫质量,记录黄体数、着床数及胚胎发育情况.对胎仔进行外观检查,逐一记录性别、体质量、体长.将每窝1/2活胎鼠染色做骨骼检查,另外1/2活胎鼠固定做内脏检查.结果:与阴性对照组比较,阿司匹林组孕鼠第15、20天体质量及体质量增量降低,子宫、子宫连胎质量降低,活胎率减少,活胎鼠体质量、体长、尾长均降低(P<0.05或<0.01);敌枯双组活胎率降低,活胎鼠体质量、体长、尾长均降低(P<0.01);环磷酰胺组孕鼠体质量增量降低,子宫、子宫连胎质量降低,活胎率减少(P<0.05或P<0.01);3种阳性对照物处理组大鼠胎仔外观畸形率、骨骼畸形率及内脏畸形率明显升高(P<0.01),以敌枯双组和环磷酰胺组畸形率较高,畸胎类型多.结论:在本试验条件下,可见敌枯双(1 mg/kg)和环磷酰胺(12 mg/kg)处理组大鼠的畸形率高,畸胎类型多,是较为敏感的、致畸类型较全面的阳性对照物.%OBJECTIVE: To provide positive reference for teratogenicity test on food,health care products and cosmetics,we explored teratogenic effects of three different positive control materials. METHODS:According to the gestation time of SD rats,pregnant rats were randomly divided into control,aspirin (280 mg/kg),Bis-A-TDA (1 mg/kg) and CP (12 mg/kg) groups. Their body weights on days 0,6,9,12,15 and 20 of pregnancy were recorded. On day 6-15 of gestation,the aspirin and Bis-A-TDA groups were administrated corresponding solutions,while CP group were injected ip with CP on day 12. Pregnant rats were inspected by cesarean section and weights of uterus,uterine and fetuses were recorded. The number of corpus luteum,implantation point,and embryonic development were examined. Appearance of fetus was examined,and fetal weight,body length and tail length of each fetus were measured. 1/2 of the live fetus were stained for skeletal examination and the others were fixed for visceral examination. RESULTS:In the aspirin group,body weight and weight increment of the pregnant rats,the weight of the uterus and uterine and fetal were reduced. The rates of live fetus,fetal weight,the length of body and tail were decreased significantly (P<0.05,P<0.01). In the Bis-A-TDA group,the rates of live fetus,fetal weight,the length of body and tail were significantly decreased (P<0.01). In the CP group,weight increments of the pregnant rats,and the weight of the uterus and uterine and fetal,and the rate of live fetus were decreased significantly (P<0.05,P<0.01). The teratogenic rate of appearance, skeleton and viscera of three different positive control materials were statistically significant (P<0.01). There were more teratogenic types and higher teratogenic rates in the Bis-A-TDA and CP groups. CONCLUSION:Under the conditions of our experiment,Bis-A-TDA (1 mg/kg) and CP (12 mg/kg) induced more teratogenic types,and higher teratogenic rate,therefore they were more sensitive positive control materials on teratogenicity test.
