一生与青年为友的美学家——论朱光潜的美学动机和美学情结

摘要

Education is a young undertaking and aesthetics a young learning. As a scholar and a professor, ZHU Guang-qian was an aesthetician who made friends with the young throughout his life, Youths and aesthetics are the two wings of his aca- demic system. It can be seen from the trajectory of his aesthetics that his motivation stemmed from a wish to help the young eliminate ennui and soothe the mind; that the objective of his aesthetics was to cultivate ideal youths and that aesthetic expe- rience as the premise of aesthetics became his recurrent complex. An overview of Mr. ZHU＇s aesthetic system reveals a the- oretical model of progression from aesthetic experience to beauty, to art and to an artistic life. Judging from his concept of ＇ Sensibility prevails over sense＇, Mr. ZHU conceived beauty as consisting in temperament rather than in imagery. His de- scription of the successes and failures in implementing aesthetic education is still of significance today.%教育是青春的事业，美学是青春的学问。身兼学者与教授双重使命的朱光潜，是一位一生与青年为友的美学家，“青年问题”与“美学问题”是朱光潜学术体系的两翼。从朱光潜的美学道路看，其美学动机始于青年的“消除烦闷”与“心灵慰藉”；其美学理想旨在培育“理想青年”；作为美育前提的“美感经验”论则成为其盘旋心胸的美学情结。综观朱光潜的美学体系，这是一个由“美感经验——美——艺术——人生艺术化”构成的理论模式；就其“情感胜于理智”的“情本体”观念看，他的美论与其说“美在意象”不如说“美在情趣”；而他关于美育途径的正反两方面阐述，迄今仍具有醒世和警世意义。