The history of the cultural exchange between the west and east began in the “age of discovery”, with the European missionaries undertaking the important historical mission. However, the study of St. Francois Xavier, “the ifrst Oriental Missionary “, is rarely made in China. Xavier laid the foundation for missionaries both in China and Japan, and his missionary strategy was adopted by other missionaries in China. In fact, the important basis of Xavier’s missionary strategy was his perception of China and Japan. In this paper, the author researches his understanding of China and Japan from the cross-cultural perspective based on the analysis of the Japanese translation of Xavier’s letters. Last but not least, his perception of different cultures also provides certain insight for cross-cultural exchange at present.%东西文化交流的历史，始于“大航海时代”，承担这一重要历史使命的是西方的传教士。但对被称为“东方传教第一人”的沙勿略却鲜有研究。沙勿略不仅奠定了西方传教的基础，他的传教策略也被来华传教士所继承和发扬。沙勿略传教策略的重要依据是他的中国观和日本观。本文主要利用沙勿略书简的日译本，探讨其在跨文化背景下的中国观、日本观。同时，他对异文化的态度，于当今日益频繁的跨文化交流也有一定的参考作用。
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