2014-2018年佛山市里水镇出生缺陷流行病学调查

摘要

目的 通过分析2014-2018年佛山市里水镇出生缺陷数据,描述里水镇出生缺陷的分布特征,为制订里水镇出生缺陷的预防策略提供依据.方法 从佛山市妇幼保健院监测数据中获得2014-2018年里水镇出生缺陷的监测数据,计算主要出生缺陷种类的构成比、人次和顺位,并比较性别分布特征.结果 2014-2018年佛山市里水镇共监测8 797例围产儿,出生缺陷428例,5年总出生缺陷率为48.65‰;2014年出生缺陷率为36.12‰,2018年出生缺陷率为53.04‰,二者之间差异无统计学意义(x2=7.015,P＞0.05).2014-2018年出生缺陷前5位发生顺位依次为:G-6-PD缺乏症(15.46‰)、先天性心脏病(11.25‰)、外耳畸形(2.73‰)、泌尿系统畸形(2.39‰)、生殖系统畸形(2.05‰).2014-2018年主要出生缺陷率女性为30.46‰,男性为63.17‰,二者之间差异无统计学意义.结论 2014-2018年佛山市里水镇主要出生缺陷为G-6-PD缺乏症、先天性心脏病、外耳畸形、泌尿系畸形、生殖系畸形,应采取相应措施减少出生缺陷.%Objective To provide some evidences for making corresponding public strategies investigating the birth defect situation and the prevalence trend at Lishui Town,Foshan from 2014 to 2018 and describing the distribution characteristics of birth defects.Methods The birth defect data at Lishui from 2014 to 2018 were collected from the database of Foshan Women and Children Hospital.The constituent ratio,the frequency,and the sequence of the birth defects were calculated.The gender distribution characteristics were compared.Results From 2014 to 2018,8 797 perinatal births were monitored at Lishui,Foshan;and 428 cases were detected with birth defects,with a birth defect rate of 48.65‰.The birth defect rate at Lishui increased from 36.12‰ in 2014 to 53.04‰ in 2018,but with no statistical difference (x 2=7.015,P ＞ 0.05).From 2014 to 2018,the top five birth defects were Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency (15.46‰),congenital heart disease(11.25‰),outer ear malformation (2.73‰),urinary tract malformation(2.39‰),and reproductive tract malformation (2.05‰).From 2014 to 2018,the birth defect rate was 30.46‰ in the female,and was 63.17‰ in the male,with no statistical difference.Conclusions The main birth defects at Lishui from 2014 to 2018 were G6PD deficiency,congenital heart disease,outer ear deformities,urinary tract malformation,and reproductive tract malformation.Corresponding measures should be launched to reduce birth defects.