泌尿系统发育的表观遗传学研究进展

摘要

胚肾细胞在后肾间充质和输尿管芽的相互诱导下,逐渐生长、增殖、分化,从而形成肾单位和泌尿集合管系统,最终发育为成熟的泌尿系统.在这个过程中,泌尿系统正常发育需要表观遗传标记调控基因的表达,而异常表观遗传修饰又将导致先天性肾脏和尿路畸形的发生.表观遗传因素包括组蛋白修饰、DNA甲基化、非编码RNA,通过调控Wnt、GDNF/Ret、p53等信号通路影响泌尿系统的发育.该文结合最新研究进展,综述表观遗传修饰在泌尿系统正常发育以及先天性肾脏和尿路畸形发生过程中所起的作用及其具体调控机制.%With the reciprocal inductive interactions between metanephric mesenchyme and ureteric bud,embryonic kidney cells gradually grow,proliferate,and differentiate,contribute to the formation of nephron and urinary collecting duct systems,and eventually develop into a mature urinary system. In this process,epigenetic modifier genes regulate the development of the urinary system;aberrant epigenetic modifications,however, will lead to congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract. Epigenetic factors,including histone modification, DNA methylation,and non-coding RNA,affect the development of the urinary system through the regulation of Wnt,GDNF / Ret,and p53 signaling pathways. This article combines with the latest research progress,reviews the role of epigenetic modifications in the development of the urinary system and during the formation of congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract;besides,the specific regulation mechanisms are explained.