以脱脂油茶(Camellia oleifera Abel.)子粕为原料,以去离子水为提取剂,分别研究了提取温度、料水质量比、提取时间对茶皂素得率的影响.在单因素试验的基础上,应用正交试验确定提取茶皂素的最佳工艺条件为提取温度60℃,料水质量比1∶7,提取时间4h.在此条件下,茶皂素得率为12.85％.抑菌试验的结果表明,茶皂素粗提物对金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphyloccocus aureus)、枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)和大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)均具有较强的抑菌效果.该提取方法简单可行,提取物具有抑菌活性.%Using H2O as a solvent, theasaponin was extracted from Camellia oleifera Abel, seed cake. The effects of extraction temperature, mass ratio of solid to liquid and extraction time on the yield of theasaponin were investigated by single factor experiments, based on which orthogonal design was conducted to optimize the extraction conditions. The results showed that the optimal extraction conditions were, extraction temperature, 60℃; mass ratio of solid to liquid, 1:7; extraction time, 4h, under which the yield of theasaponin was 12.85%. The antibacterial experiments indicated that the crude extract had remarkable antibacterial effects gainst Staphyloccocus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli. The extraction method was simple and feasible, the extract had the antibacterial activity.
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