豆粕替代鱼粉对红螯螯虾幼虾生长、肌肉组成和消化酶活力的影响

摘要

To study the optimum dietary replacement level of fish meal protein by soybean meal protein for juvenile crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus, diets containing same protein and energy, and five different replacement levels (0％, 40％, 60％, 80％ and 100％) were formulated to feed the juvenile C. quadricarinatus with (0. 53 + 0. 06) g initial weight for 8 weeks, and then growth performance, muscle composition and enzyme activities in hepatopancreas were determined. Results showed that dietary fish meal replacement by soybean meal did not affect the survival rate of C. quadricarinatus. Compared to the control group, weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) were not affected by 40％~80％ replacement levels. WG and SGR significantly decreased in group of 100％ replacement level. Muscle protein level decreased to a certain degree in group of 100％ replacement level. Dietary fish meal replacement by soybean meal did not affect the muscle lipid and ash levels. Activity of trypsin in hepatopancreas decreased with the increase of replacement level. Trypsin activity significantly decreased in group of 100 ％ replacement level. Dietary fish meal replacement by soybean meal did not affect lipase, amylase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in hepatopancreas. Total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in hepatopancreas significantly reduced in group of 100％ replacement level. Results indicate that growth performance, muscle composition and enzyme activities did not affect by 40％ ~ 80％ replacement levels, whereas 100％ replacement level inhibited the growth, trypsin activity and T -AOC. According to the results of this study, the optimum dietary replacement level of fish meal protein by soybean meal protein for juvenile C. quadricarinatus is 80％.%为探讨红螯螯虾幼虾的饲料豆粕替代鱼粉的适宜替代量,配制5种不同替代水平(0、40％、60％、80％和100％)的等氮等能饲料,饲喂初重(0. 53±0. 06)g的红螯螯虾幼虾8周,测定其生长性能、肌肉组成、肝胰腺消化酶活力及抗氧化活力.结果显示,豆粕替代鱼粉对螯虾存活率没有显著影响;与对照组相比,豆粕替代鱼粉的替代量为40％~80％时,红螯螯虾幼虾的增重率和特定生长率没有显著变化;替代量为100％时,螯虾增重率和特定生长率显著下降,螯虾肌肉的蛋白质含量呈现一定程度的下降;豆粕替代鱼粉对螯虾肌肉的脂肪和灰分含量没有显著影响;随着替代量的增加,螯虾肝胰腺胰蛋白酶活力呈现下降的趋势,当替代量为100％时,胰蛋白酶活力显著下降;豆粕替代鱼粉对螯虾肝胰腺脂肪酶、淀粉酶和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力均没有显著影响;替代量为100％时,螯虾肝胰腺总抗氧化活力(T-AOC)显著下降.结果表明,豆粕替代鱼粉的替代量为40％~80％时,对螯虾的生长性能、肌肉组成、消化酶活力和抗氧化活力均没有显著影响,替代量为100％时,显著抑制螯虾的生长、胰蛋白酶活力和T-AOC.根据本试验结果,建议红螯螯虾幼虾饲料中豆粕替代鱼粉的替代量为80％.