Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy and adverse reaction of pemetrexed and docetaxel in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods Eighty-six patients of advanced non-small cell lung cancer Department of Oncology in our hospital from May 2010 to July 2013 were selected, which were randomly divid-ed into two groups, each of 43 cases. The pemetrexed group was treated with pemetrexed disodium 500 mg/m2, IV drip 10 min;the docetaxel group was treated with docetaxel 75 mg/m2, IV drip 1 h, 21 d for one course of treatment, for 2 courses. The short-term effect and the incidence of adverse reactions were evaluated. Results The two groups showed no significant differences in the control rate and effective rate of NSCLC (P>0.05), and also in that of adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, large cell carcinoma (P>0.05). The two groups showed no statistically significant difference in the total incidence of adverse reactions (P>0.05), but showed statistically significant in the severity of adverse gastro-intestinal reactions, bone marrow suppression, hepatic toxicity (P<0.05). Conclusion There is no significant differ-ence in the efficacy of pemetrexed and docetaxel for the treatment of advacced NSCLC patients. However, pemetrexed results in lighter adverse reactions than docetaxel, which is worth to be recommended for clinical use.%目的：探讨培美曲塞与多西他赛治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者的临床疗效及不良反应。方法选取2010年5月至2013年7月期间我院肿瘤科收治的晚期NSCLC患者86例。随机分为两组各43例，培美曲塞组患者给予培美曲塞二钠500 mg/m2，静脉滴注10 min；多西他赛组患者给予多西他赛75 mg/m2，静脉滴注1 h，21 d为1个疗程，两组均治疗两个疗程，评价两组患者的近期疗效和不良反应发生率。结果两组治疗NSCLC晚期患者的控制率与有效率方面比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)，同时在腺癌、鳞癌、大细胞癌的控制率与有效率方面比较，两组的差异也均无统计学意义(P>0.05)；两组总的毒副反应发生率比较虽然差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)，但在胃肠道反应、骨髓抑制、肝毒性等不良反应的严重程度发生率方面比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论培美曲塞与多西他赛治疗NSCLC晚期患者的近期疗效无明显区别，但从发生的不良反应程度来看，培美曲塞比多西他赛的不良反应程度较轻，建议临床上推荐使用。
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