哈尔滨市城市绿地木本植物的物种多样性

摘要

为哈尔滨市城市绿地园林的植物配置和景观建设提供科学依据,于2013-2015年对哈尔滨市市区内的公园、居住区、道路和专用绿地(企事业单位、学校)等4种绿地、240个样方的木本植物应用进行调查,分析其科属分布特点、相对重要值、物种丰富度、物种均匀度、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Simpson多样性指数等.结果表明:4种绿地中有木本树种116种,属于29科、53属;4种绿地乔灌层的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Simpson多样性指数均为公园绿地＞专用绿地＞居住区绿地＞道路绿地,且乔木层的多样性指数较高,物种较为丰富;灌木层较低,结构相对简单;乔灌的树种比例相近、为1.09～1.29,乔灌数量比相差较大、为0.5～1.12.哈尔滨市城市绿地园林中乔木层的物种组成相对丰富,占有重要的生态地位;灌木层的物种组成相对简单,生态功能较弱.大量的乡土树种和野生资源没有得到利用,乔灌配比单一化,可通过增加灌木的使用种类和数量,尤其是开发推广乡土树种和野生资源,以快速有效地提高物种多样性、景观效果及园林生态稳定性.%The application of ligneous plants in 240 sample plots from park,residential district,road and specified green space in Harbin was investigated during 2013-2015 by analyzing their distribution characteristics of genus and family,relative important value,species richness,species evenness,Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Simpson diversity index to provide the scientific basis for plant arrangement and landscape construction of urban green space in Harbin.Results:There are 116 ligneous species belonging to 53 genera,29 families in four kinds of green spaces.The Shannon-Wiener diversity and Simpson diversity index of tree and shrub layer in four green spaces all is park green space ＞ specified green space ＞ green space of residential district ＞ road green space.The diversity index of the ligneous layer is higher,which indicates that species is abundance.The diversity index of the shrub layer is lower,which indicates that the structure is relatively simple.The species proportion of ligneous and shrub is 1.09 ～1.29 and the quantity proportion of ligneous and shrub is 0.5 ～ 1.12.The species composition of the ligneous layer is relatively abundance and occupies the important ecological status.The species composition of the shrub layer is relatively simple and its ecological function is weak.The plenty of local ligneous species and wild resources are not used and the ligneous-shrub species ratio is simplification in urban green spaces.Increasing shrub species and quantity and popularizing local tree species and wild resources can enhance species diversity,landscape effect and landscape ecological stability rapidly and effectively.