覆土栽培对高节竹笋品质的影响

摘要

To enhance the shoot quality and economic profit,appearance quality,content of nutrient,flavour substance and amino acid in Phyllostachys prominens shoot from soil covered bamboo cultivation stand(one-year soil covered stand,two-year soil covered stand and non-covered stand)were investigated,and effects of soil covered cultivation on shoot quality and palatability were also analyzed.The results showed that compared to non-covered stand,individual weight increased by 107.58% for one-year soil covered stand and 165.73% for two-year soil covered stand,while edible parts ratios increased by 8.77% for one-year soil covered stand and 13.63% for two-year soil covered stand.Further-more,there was significant difference among different soil-covered stand on individual weight and edible parts ratios of P .prominens shoot.Shoot length of soil covered stand was higher than that of non-covered stand,and there was no difference on shoot length between one-year soil covered stand and two-year soil covered stand.No difference on shoot diameter existed between one-year soil covered stand and non-covered stand,but those all was lower than shoot diameterof two-year soil covered stand.Compared to non-covered stand,content of protein,tannin,oxalic acid,total acid,cellu-lose,lignin and amino acid of P .prominens shoot in soil covered stand decreased apparently overall,while soluble sug-ar,fat and ratio of sugar to acid of P .prominens shoot form soil covered stand increased obviously.Proportion of deli-cious,sweet and aromatic amino acid increased,and bitter amino acid proportion of P .prominens shoot in soil covered stand decreased.All results indicated that shoot appearance quality of soil covered stand enhanced obviously,and fra-grance and sweetness increased obviously,while acid and astringent taste of P .prominens shoot form soil covered stand decreased evidently,shoot quality and palatability enhanced greatly,and the effects on shoot quality and palatability of two-year soil coverage were more evident and beneficial.%为了生产高品质高节竹笋，提高竹林经济效益，该研究通过调查并测定了覆土1 a、覆土2 a 和不覆土栽培的高节竹林竹笋外观形态和营养物质、呈味物质、氨基酸含量，分析了覆土栽培对高节竹笋品质与适口性的影响.结果表明：覆土栽培1 a 和2 a 的高节竹笋个体重量及可食率分别较未覆土栽培高节竹笋提高了107．58％、165．73％及8．77％、13．63％，而且高节竹笋个体重量及可食率覆土栽培年限之间差异显著；覆土栽培高节竹笋长度总体显著高于未覆土栽培高节竹笋，且覆土栽培年限之间并无显著差异；高节竹笋基茎则为覆土栽培1 a 与未覆土栽培之间无显著差异，且均显著低于覆土栽培2 a 的高节竹笋.覆土栽培高节竹笋蛋白质、单宁、草酸、总酸、纤维素、木质素和各类氨基酸含量及氨基酸总量总体上有明显降低，而脂肪、可溶性糖含量和糖酸比则明显提高；鲜味、甜味和芳香类氨基酸比例有所升高，而苦味氨基酸比例则有所降低.综合分析表明，覆土栽培能明显改善高节竹笋外观形态质量，增加香味和甜味，减少酸涩味和粗糙度，竹笋品质和适口性明显提高，且覆土栽培2 a 的影响作用更为明显.