中华白花丹参与其近缘种的形态分类鉴定

摘要

该研究采用光学显微镜和扫描电镜相结合的方法,对中华白花丹参(Salvia sinealba)与其近缘种丹参(S. miltiorrhiza)及山东丹参(S. shandongensis)根的解剖学、叶表皮、花及花粉粒进行了系统地比较研究.结果表明:中华白花丹参(S. sinealba)根的中央部位有多数薄壁细胞,在根横切面射线薄壁细胞间及韧皮部外侧与次生皮层部位有多数裂隙;叶片上表皮细胞外平周壁具有细密平行丝状褶皱(SEM);花冠白色;花粉粒椭圆形,外壁具网状雕纹,网眼较大,多角形,少为单穿孔.上述这些显著的特征,不仅为中华白花丹参在植物分类学上的地位提供了形态解剖学依据,而且为近缘种丹参及山东丹参的分类鉴定提供了佐证,同时也为中华白花丹参这一特有新资源的保护和开发利用提供了资料.%To explore the status of Salvia sinealba in plant taxonomy,which is a uniquely important medicinal plant in Shandong,root anatomy,leaf epidermis,flowers and pollen grains morphology of S. sinealba and its relatives S. milti-orrhiza and S. shandongensis were compared by optical microscope and scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The re-sults proved that there were distinct differences between S.sinealba and its relatives S.miltiorrhiza and S.shandongen-sis. There were most parenchyma cells in the central part of the S. sinealba root,and there were numerous fissures in the root cross section of radiating parenchyma cells,phloem outside and the secondary cortical site;leaf upper epider-mal cell outer peripheral wall with fine parallel filamentous wrinkles(SEM); corolla white; at the same time, S. sinealba having oval pollen,the outer wall with network ornamentations,larger mesh,polygonal,less single perfora-tion. These notable features not only provided morphological and anatomical basis for S. sinealba position in plant tax-onomy,but also provided evidence for the identification of S. miltiorrhiza and S. shandongensis,it also provided infor-mation on the conservation and development of this unique new resource for S. sinealba.