蚕蛹替代鱼粉对吉富罗非鱼肌肉营养成分的影响

摘要

An 8-week feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of replacing fish meal (FM) with silk-worm pupae(SP) on muscle nutrients of GIFT (Orecochromis niloticus).Five isonitrogenous (crude protein 32%) and isolipidic (ether extract 5.5%) diets (based diet contained 8% fish meal )were formulated by replacing 0%(control), 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% FM with SP, they were named as SP0, SP25, SP50, SP75 and SP100 respectively. Each diet was fed to triplicate groups of 20 fish with an initial body weight of (44.40 ±0.41)g.The results showed that:crude protein (CP), ash, total amino acids, essential amino acids contents of muscle of GIFT decreased significantly with dietary SP increasing, while muscle ether extract (EE) content had no significant difference ; Total amino acids, essential amino acids contents of muscle in SP100 group decreased by 3.99% and 3.46% compared with SP0 group.As dietary SP levels increased, fatty acid C18∶3n-3 and C20∶5n-3 in muscle of GIFT increased gradually and C18∶2n-6 declined.Com-paring with SP0 group, C18∶3n-3, C20∶5n-3 contents in muscle of SP100 group improved 105.33% and 132.72% re-spectively.In conclusion, replacement of fish meal with silkworm pupae can significantly improve C 18∶3n-3 and C20∶5n-3 contents of muscle, which is helpful to produce fish meat rich in n -3PUFA.%试验以300尾初始体重为（44.40±0.41）g 的吉富罗非鱼（GIFT， Oreochromis niloticus）为研究对象，分别饲喂用蚕蛹（SP）替代0、25％、50％、75％和100％鱼粉（FM）的5种等氮（32％）等脂（5.5％）的饲料（分别命名SP0、 SP25、 SP50、 SP75和 SP100，基础饲料中含8％的鱼粉），每组3重复，每重复20尾鱼，在室内循环水养殖系统进行为期8周的生长试验，旨在探讨蚕蛹替代鱼粉对吉富罗非鱼肌肉营养成分的影响。结果表明：随蚕蛹替代水平上升，吉富罗非鱼肌肉粗蛋白、灰分、总氨基酸、必需氨基酸显著下降，肌肉粗脂肪含量无显著差异；较 SP0组， SP100组肌肉总氨基酸和必需氨基酸分别下降3.99％和3.46％。随蚕蛹替代量增加，吉富罗非鱼肌肉 C18∶3n－3和 C20∶5n－3显著上升， C18∶2n－6显著下降； SP100组吉富罗非鱼肌肉 C18∶3n－3和 C20∶5n－3较SP0组分别上升105.33％和132.72％。结论：蚕蛹替代鱼粉后显著提高了吉富罗非鱼肌肉 C18∶3n－3和 C20∶5n－3含量，有利于生产富含 n－3PUFA 的鱼肉产品。