CRISPR-Cas系统在食品微生物中的应用研究进展

摘要

成簇的规律间隔的短回文重复序列(clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats,CRISPR)及其关联蛋白(CRISPR-associated proteins,Cas)构成CRISPR-Cas系统,该系统作为高效、灵活、易于操作的基因编辑技术,开始广泛应用于微生物基因组位点的靶向编辑中.本文针对CRISPR-Cas9系统在食品微生物领域,特别是在食品酿造微生物和食品病原微生物中的应用进行综述,并进一步讨论影响该系统基因编辑效率的主要因素及发展方向,为CRISPR-Cas9系统在食品微生物中的应用提供参考和依据.%The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-associated protein 9 nuclease (Cas9) system has been widely applied in genome editing in microbiology due to its high efficacy,versatility and easy programmability.Herein,we review its applications in the field of food microbiology,especially in food fermentation and pathogenic microbiology.Also,the major factors affecting the genome editing efficacy and future perspectives for the development of this system are discussed.Finally,this review is expected to provide references for research in food microbiology by using CRISPR-Cas9 system.