洛克《教育片论》中的儿童节制论

摘要

洛克《教育片论》中的节制论包含基础、表现、升华三个层次。理性为节制品性的形成打下了坚实的基础。节制的具体表现是控制自己不良的性情倾向、克制当前快乐的欲望和抵制痛苦的纠缠。当个体的为人处世得体时,节制就得到了升华。洛克的节制论为培养儿童的节制品性指明了方向：首先应将培养儿童的节制品性置于教育的重要地位;其次需尊重儿童,把他看做是＂理性的动物＂;再次要有效利用儿童的荣誉感和羞耻感以及在体育中培养儿童的节制品性。%The self-denial theory in John Locke＇s Some Thoughts Concerning Education includes basis,performance and sublimation.Rationality lays a solid foundation for forming the character of self-denial.Controlling their own bad temperament tendencies,restraining happy desire and resisting pains are all representations of self-denial.Self-denial achieves sublimation when individuals behave well.It is Locke＇s self-denial theory that points the way for cultivating children＇s character of self-denial.First of all,it should be emphasized in children＇s education.Secondly,it is the key point to respect children and regard them as a ＂rational animal＂.What＇s more,make full use of children＇s sense of honor and shame,and cultivate children＇s character of self-denial in physical training.