一幅明代水陆画颜料的分析鉴别

摘要

水陆画是水陆法会供奉的绘画，它在我国绘画史上占有特殊的位置。本研究利用体视显微镜、偏光显微镜、X 射线荧光光谱和拉曼光谱等技术，首次对明代绢本水陆画颜料的形貌、成分进行了观察和测试，并分析了它的保存状况。研究表明，其红色颜料为混有少量铅丹的朱砂；蓝色颜料由蓝铜矿、赭石和白云母混合而成；浅蓝色颜料为靛蓝；绿色颜料的主体成分为氯铜矿，间有少量孔雀石和蓝铜矿；白色颜料则为水白铅矿及微量石膏。观察显示，部分颜料有开裂和剥落的现象。不难认识到，此项工作可为水陆画的颜料使用、保护修复和艺术史研究提供有价值的信息。%Water-and-land-paintings were used as water-and-land religious assembly consecration paint-ings, which enjoy a special position in the history of Chinese paintings. Astereomicroscope, a polarizing micro-scope, X- ray fluorescence spectrometry, and Raman spectra were applied in this research to analyze the physi-cal appearance, conservation conditions, and sample components from a water-and-land painting taken from Gulang Museum.The results indicate that the red pigments are mainly cinnabar with some red lead; the blue is a mixture of azurite, hematite, and muscovite; the light blue is indigo; the greens are mainly atacamite and mala-chite with a little azurite; and the white pigments are hydrocerussite and tiny gypsum. Further observation shows that some pigments are cracking and spalling. This research can provide information valuable for effective art protection and restoration, and for art history research.