轿车中不同传动系组合的变速箱装置的应用

摘要

The most common driveline configurations in cars are the standard drive with front longitudinal engine and rear wheel drive and the front-transverse drive with east west installed powertrain as well as allwheel drive variants derived from these. These driveline configuration are used in different vehicle segments. The transmission systems mainly used today are automatic transmissions with 4 or 5 speeds and manual transmissions with 4,5 or 6 speeds. A small number of automated manual transmissions (AMT)and continuously variable transmissions (CVT) are in production. Various systems of automated manual transmissions, powershift transmissions designed as double clutch transmissions and toroidal transmissions are currently being developed.A brief exlanation will be given about the structure of all different driveline configurations and the transmission systems will then be considered for specific applications in these different drivelines. The installation situation with transmission structure and space, potential for fuel savings with overall ratio and efficiency, reduction of emissions and noise levels, performance, drive comfort, transmission weight and manufacturing costs are considered as the main aspects within this paper. This leads to an assessment and recommendation for the use of certain transmission systems for the various driveline configurations.In the future, both 6-speed automatic transmissions and 6-speed manual transmissions will be used on a wider scale with standard drives. The use of continuously variable transmissions will increase for front transverse drive. In the field of manual transmissions the 5-speeds will dominate in front transverse drive applications. The degree of automation will increase in this segment. For torque levels of up to approximately 180Nm, preference will be given to the use of automated manual transmissions. The range of up to 350Nm will be predominantly covered by CVT's, five and six-speed automatic transmissions will subsist in the segment above 350Nm for transverse installation.%轿车中最常见的传动系组合是前纵置式发动机后轮驱动和东西方向安装前横置驱动动力系以及由此派生的变型全轮驱动,这些传动系组合用于不同的车辆中.目前主要采用的变速箱装置有4或5档自动变速箱和4、5或6档手动变速箱,少量生产自动化的手动变速箱(AMT)和无级变速箱(CVT),现在正在开发不同型式的自动化手动变速箱如双离合器传动的动力轴变速箱和弧锥环轮式变速器.本文对关于所有不同传动系组合的结构和变速箱装置在不同传动系中的特殊应用给予简要阐述.本文主要研究变速箱结构和尺寸的安装情况,所有速比下的节油趋势、排染和噪音的降低、性能、平顺性、变速箱质量和制造成本.这将产生在不同传动系组合中采用某种变速箱装置的评价和建议.今后6档自动变速箱和6档手动变速箱将在标准传动中广泛采用.无级变速器将在前横置式驱动中的应用增大,6档手动变速箱在前横置式驱动中占优势,在这方面自动化的程度将增加,转矩接近180Nm,优先选择采用自动化的手动变速箱.横置式传动无级变速器在350Nm范围内应用占支配地位大于350Nm的将采用自动变速器.