系统性红斑狼疮与狼疮肾炎住院患者感染病原菌分析

摘要

目的：回顾性分析系统性红斑狼疮（SLE）和狼疮肾炎（SLE‐LN）住院患者感染病原菌的分离情况，为感染患者提供诊治依据。方法选取2010～2014年该院诊断为SLE与SLE‐LN的住院患者380例，其中SLE‐LN患者96例。用常规方法进行细菌接种、培养、分离鉴定和药敏试验。采用SPSS19．0和WHONET5．6软件进行统计分析与药敏分析。结果SLE和SLE‐LN患者尿路感染者分别占25．0％和27．1％，血流感染者分别占8．1％和10．4％，皮肤组织感染者分别占12．0％和8．3％。分离的革兰阴性菌以大肠埃希菌为主，在SLE患者中占25．53％，SLE‐LN患者中占30．21％，其次是鲍曼不动杆菌，分别占13．42％和14．54％。分离的革兰阳性菌以金黄色葡萄球菌为主，在SLE患者中占11．58％，SLE‐LN患者中占11．46％。69．79％的SLE患者、66．67％的SLE‐LN患者尿液中分离出大肠埃希菌，高于常规尿培养中大肠埃希菌的分离率（45％），差异有统计学意义（P＜0．01）。SLE患者分离大肠埃希菌对喹诺酮类抗菌药物的耐药率大于66％，对氨苄西林耐药率达89．69％，对哌拉西林／他唑巴坦的耐药率较低（3．09％）。SLE‐LN患者产超广谱β‐内酰胺酶的大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌分离率均高于SLE患者。结论SLE患者发生感染的概率较高，临床可选用β‐内酰胺类复方制剂治疗SLE患者大肠埃希菌尿路感染。%Objective To retrospectively analyse pathogenic bacteria isolated from inpatients with lupus erythematosus (SLE) and lupus nephritis (SLE‐LN ) ,and provide references for diagnosis and treatment for these patients with infection . Methods A total of 380 inpatients diagnosed with SLE/SLE‐LN in our hospital from 2010 to 2014 were enrolled in this study ,in‐cluding 96 cases of patients with SLE‐LN .Bacterial inoculation ,culture ,isolation ,identification and drug sensitivity test were carried out .Statistical analysis and susceptibility analysis was performed by using the SPSS 19 .0 and WHONET5 .6 software .Results For patients with SLE and SLE‐LN ,urinary tract infection accounted for 25 .0% and 27 .1% ,hematogenous infection accounted for 8 .1% and 10 .4% ,skin tissue infection accounted for 12 .0% and 8 .3% ,respectively .The most common gram negative bacteria was Escherichia coli ,which accounted for 25 .53% and 30 .21% in patients with SLE and patients with SLE‐LN ,respectively .Followed by Bauman Acinetobacter ,which accounted for 13 .42% and 14 .54% in patients with SLE and patients with SLE‐LN ,respectively . The most common gram positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus ,which accounted for 11 .58% and 11 .46% in patients with SLE and patients with SLE‐LN ,respectively .Strains of Escherichia coli were isolated from urine specimens of 69 .79% of patients with SLE and 66 .67% patients with SLE‐LN ,the percentages were significantly higher than that of the conventional urine culture (45% ,P< 0 .01) .The resistance rate of Escherichia coli strains isolated from patients with SLE to quinolones was higher than 66 .00% ,the resistance rate to ampicillin was 89 .69% ,and the resistance rate to piperacillin/tazobactam was low (3 .09% ) .The iso‐lation rates of ESBLs‐producing Escherichia coli strains and ESBLs‐producing Klebsiella pneumoniae strains in patients with SLE‐LN were higher than those in patients with SLE .Conclusion The patients with SLE have a higher risk for infection .The beta‐lac‐tams could be used for the treatment of Escherichia coli urinary tract infection in patients with SLE .