热开关热管在月面探测光学设备中的应用

摘要

在月面-180~+90℃的极端高低温环境下,月面探测光学设备的月昼远距离散热和月夜保温矛盾异常突出.针对设备热耗的传输、排散,以及月夜生存时的热能存留问题,利用热管工质的汽、液、固相变特性,提出一种无源热开关热管作为设备和散热面间长距离传热手段,即依据设备温度指标选择具有合适凝固点和传热能力的工质,当月昼工作期间通过热管内工质两相传热实现热量的高效收集和传输,到月夜期间冻结热管内全部工质,完全切断热管与散热面间的两相传热,维持设备温度.地面试验和在轨飞行数据表明,热开关热管凝固点附近热导比达30以上.热管工作时,7℃时传热能力大于15 W,传热温差小于4℃,且能够适应着陆器±15°的倾斜,确保了嫦娥三号着陆器月基光学望远镜在轨的高性能工作.%In the brutal temperature environment in moon surface with the range of -180℃ to 90℃ , it needs to solve the Lunar-Based Ultraviolet Telescope (LUT ) heat dissipation during lunar daytime and heat preservation during moonlit night without electric energy supply . In order to solve the heat consumption transmission , discharge , and the heat preservation problem of moon night , a passive heat pipe thermal switch (HPTS ) was proposed as a means of long distance heat transfer between the device and the radiator , according to the phase transition characteristics of the working fluid . Depending on the equipment temperature index , a working fluid with suitable freezing point and heat transfer capacity was selected .The HPTS was filled with working fluid ,which can transmit energy from evaporator to condenser by phase-change .In extremely low temperature of the night , the working fluid is frozen ,it causes the connection to be interrupted , and then the LUT can be maintained above the survival temperature .It has been proven through the ground test and in-orbit result that the switching ratio of HPTS is greater than 30 near the freezing point . At a working temperature of 7℃ , the heat transfer capacity of HPTS is greater than 15 W , and heat transfer temperature difference is less than 4℃ . In addition , the HPTS can accommodate Lander′s tilt of ± 15° .All the properties of the HPTS ensure that the LUT on Lander works in orbit with high performance .