自然与人工——20世纪以来法国风景园林概述

摘要

There had been two attitudes towards man and nature in the history of Europe: combination versus division.The latter is supported by Descartes.This paper oriented on the two attitudes, focusing on natural and artificial tendencies towards arts and philosophy.This paper elaborates different expressions and manufactures of gardens in France, which range from impressionism in the 19th Century to "vertical garden" in the 20th Century, and then to contemporary "culture landscape", depicting a scenario of design and thought of French landscape architecture from 20th Century till now.%历史上在欧洲同时存在着2种不同对待自然的态度,2种自然观.第一种是模糊的人与自然一体,第二种是以笛卡尔为代表的两分法.从这2种自然观出发,以自然和人工2种哲学艺术倾向为主线,从19世纪末的印象画派园林到20世纪后期的"竖直园林",直至今天的"文化景观",阐述了法国不同风格园林对自然的不同处理、表达方式,论述了20世纪至今法国风景园林的设计及其思潮等.