为解决澳洲坚果采收难和采收成本高的关键问题,以‘HAES900’澳洲坚果成龄结果树为材料,在采收期分别喷施低浓度梯度(0.40、0.65、0.90g/L)和高浓度梯度(0.80、1.30、1.80g/L)的乙烯利溶液,对喷施乙烯利溶液后的落果率、果柄附着力和果实品质进行了调查和分析.结果表明,低浓度乙烯利对果实脱落有促进作用,但落果率达不到生产要求;喷施1.80g/L的乙烯利溶液2周和4周后的落果率分别达到98.75％和100.00％,可满足生产要求;喷施浓度为0.80、1.30和1.80 g/L的乙烯利会使果柄附着力显著降低,且果柄附着力与落果率呈极显著负相关;果柄附着力可作为判断澳洲坚果适宜采收期的指标之一.采用本方法采收对壳果含水量、单壳果重、壳果平均横径、单果仁重、出仁率和一级果仁率等品质参数无显著影响,且可缩短澳洲坚果采收周期,降低采收成本.%In order to reduce the cost and difficulty of macadamia harvesting,the cultivar ‘HAES900’ was used as material,the ethephon solution which at the low concentration gradients of 0.40 g/L,0.65 g/L,0.90 g/L and high concentration gradients of 0.80 g/L,1.30 g/L,1.80 g/L were sprayed on the macadamia tree in fruit maturation period,the fruit abscission rate after ethephon spraying were investigated,the fruit quality and adhesive force of fruit stem were determined.The results showed that the low concentration ethephon solution spraying can promote the macadamia fruit abscission,but the fruit abscission rate can not meet the production requirement.The fruit abscission rate of 2 weeks and 4 weeks after the ethephon solution spraying of 1.80 g/L were 98.75％ and 100.00％,respectively.The adhesive force of fruit stem after spraying of high concentration gradients of ethephon solution were reduced significantly,the degree of correlation of the adhesive force of fruit stem and the fruit abscission rate was very significantly.The result indicated that the adhesive force of fruit stem could be used as the indicator to judge the suitable harvest time of macadamia.The water content of shelled nuts,single nut weight,average diameter of nuts,single kernel weight,kernel rate and first class kernel rate have not been affected by this method,the method could shorten the harvest period and reduce the harvest cost significantly.
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