逆行比目鱼肌骨膜附皮质骨瓣治疗Gustilo Ⅲ型胫骨远端骨折

摘要

目的 设计一种新的治疗Gustilo Ⅲ型胫骨远端骨折的组合移植方法.方法 1998年10月-2008年11月对46例Gustilo Ⅲ型胫骨远端骨折患者者进行逆行比目鱼肌+骨膜附皮质骨瓣组合移植.Gustilo Ⅲa型16例,Ⅲb型30例.其中男29例,女17例；年龄23-77岁,平均36岁.手术方法:骨折固定完成后,显露比目鱼肌内侧半在胫骨上端附着点,骨膜连同胫骨表面薄层皮质骨片一并切取,比目鱼肌连同骨膜薄层皮质骨片向下翻转覆盖骨与软组织缺损处固定.结果 随访时间30～46个月,平均26个月.46例中9例采用髂骨植骨,37例采用骨膜附皮质骨瓣移植.骨愈合时间18～37周,平均22周.外固定钉道感染1例.患肢踝关节活动正常及接近正常38例,关节受限8例.全部患者行走正常,5例感觉跑步时后蹬力不足.结论 逆行比目鱼肌+骨膜附皮质骨瓣移植方法简单,可同时重建骨与软组织缺损,促进骨折愈合,是治疗Gustilo Ⅲ型胫骨远端骨与软组织缺损的有效方法.%Objective To design a new combination transplantation method for management of Gustilo type Ⅲ distal tibial fractures.Methods The study involved 46 patients with Gustilo type Ⅲ distal tibial fractures ( 16 patients with Gustilo type Ⅲa fractures and 30 with Gustilo type Ⅲ b fractures)treated with retrograde soleal muscle with periosteum-cortex bone flap grafting from October 1998 to November 2008.There were 29 males and 17 females at an average age of 36 years (range,23-77 years).After the complement of fracture fixation,the attachment point of the medial half of the soleal muscle to the upper tibia was exposed.The periosteum together with thin cortex bone flap on the surface of tibia was incised.The soleal muscle with pefiosteum-cortex bone flap was turned downwards to cover the bone and the soft tissue defects.Results All patients were followed up for average 26 months ( range,30-46 months).Nine patients were treated with autologous iliac grafts and the other 37 patients underwent periosteum-cortex bone flap grafting.The mean time of bone union was 22 weeks ( range,18-37 weeks).One patient had infection of external fixation pin tract.The ankle joint movement of 38 patients was recovered to a normal or nearly normal,but the other eight patients had limitation in the activity.All patients were able to walk normally after operation,but five patients felt powerless when running.Conclusions Retrograde soleal muscle with periosteum-cortex bone flap grafting is characterized by simple operation,simultaneous reconstruction of bone and soft tissue defects and promotion of fracture healing,and hence is a feasible and effective method to repair bone and soft tissue defects in Gustilo type Ⅲ distal tibial fractures.