免耕移栽对两系杂交水稻两优培九若干群体特征的影响

摘要

为了探明免耕移栽对杂交水稻若干群体特征的影响,以两优培九为材料,于2004-2006年在长沙进行了免耕移栽、翻耕移栽2种栽培方式的田间比较试验.结果表明,与翻耕移栽相比,免耕移栽稻叶面积指数、光合势、穗前干物质量、穗后干物质量、总干物质量较低;免耕移栽稻茎鞘物质输出率、茎鞘物质转运率、茎叶物质表观输出率、茎叶物质表观输出量分别比翻耕移栽低14.1%、17.7%、0.69%和8.43%;而其颖花数/叶面积、实粒数/叶面积和粒重/叶面积分别比翻耕移栽稻高11.8%、7.7%和11.0%;在分蘖中期至幼穗分化期,免耕移栽稻净同化率比翻耕移栽稻低,而在幼穗分化期至抽穗期,其净同化率比翻耕移栽稻高7.41%;分蘖中期免耕移栽稻的单茎茎鞘质量比翻耕移栽稻低,但在幼穗分化期、抽穗期,其单茎茎鞘质量分别比翻耕移栽稻高17.6%和4.4%;免耕移栽稻的有效穗数、结实率和成穗率比翻耕移栽稻低,但其每穗粒数、千粒重和收获指数比翻耕移栽稻高;免耕移栽稻的实收产量平均为8930.7 kg/hm2,比翻耕移栽稻增产1.02%,但未达到5%的显著水平.%To ascertain the effects of no-tillage and transplanting(NT) on some population characteristics of hybrid rice, a comparison experiment with the hybrid rice combination Liangyoupeijiu as material was conducted under the conditions of NT and conventional-tillage and transplanting (CT) in Changsha in 2004-2006. Compared with CT, NT displayed lower leaf area index and less photosynthetic potential and lower dry matter accumulation before and after heading and less total dry matter accumulation. The export and translocation percentage of the matter in stem and sheaths, the export percentage and export amount of the matter in stem and leaves under the conditions of NT were 14.1％, 17. 7％, 0.7％, and 8.4％ lower than those under CT, respectively, whereas the ratios of the number of spikelets to leaf area, the number of filled grains to leaf area and the grain weight to leaf area under NT were 11.8％, 7. 7％, and 11.0％, respectively, higher than those under CT. The net assimilation rate under NT was lower than that under CT from the mid-tillering stage to panicle initiation stage, whereas the net assimilation rate under NT was 7.41％ higher than that under CT from the panicle initiation stage to heading stage. The single stem-sheath weight under NT was lower than that under CT at the mid-tillering stage, whereas the single stem-sheath weights under NT were 17.6％ and 4.4％ higher than that under CT at the panicle initiation and heading stages, respectively. Compared with CT, NT displayed lower effective panicle number, seed setting rate and productive tiller percentage, higher spikelet number per panicle, 1000-grain weight and harvest index. The average yield under NT reached 8930. 7 kg/hm2 , with an increase of 1.02％ compared with CT, however, the difference was not significant at 5％ level between CT and NT.