太极拳和快走练习对老年女性骨密度和骨代谢影响的跟踪研究

摘要

目的 探索太极拳和快走锻炼对老年人骨密度和骨代谢的影响效果,为预防老年人骨质疏松提供数据支持.方法 60名老年女性被随机分成太极组、快走组和对照组.太极组和快走组分别接受16周的太极拳锻炼和快走锻炼,每周5次,每次1小时,随后停止练习跟踪8周.受试者每4周测试一次骨密度和骨代谢,共测试7次(锻炼前、锻炼后的第4、8、12、16周,停止锻炼后的第4、8周).结果 锻炼阶段,快走组的骨质指数(bone quality index,BQI)、宽带超声衰减(broadband ultrasound attenuation,BUA)、超声速度(speed of sound,SOS)、血清钙(Ca)、血清磷(P)和碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphate,ALP)指标在第12周出现显著性改善;太极组指标在第16周出现显著性改善或者趋势.停练阶段,快走组和太极组各指标未出现显著性衰退,但第20周BUA和SOS指标两组组间差异出现显著性.结论 锻炼阶段,太极拳和快走运动均能改善老年女性的骨密度和骨代谢;在停练阶段,快走对骨密度和骨代谢的维持效果要好于太极拳锻炼.因此,相比于太极拳锻炼,老年人可以考虑将快走运动作为首选的改善骨密度的锻炼方式,以预防骨质疏松.%Objective The objective of this study was to assess the effect of Tai Chi(TC) and Brisk Walking (BW) on bone mineral density and bone metabolism in elderly women.Methods 60 elderly women were randomly divided into the Tai Chi group,Brisk Walking group and control group.The Tai Chi group and Brisk Walking group respectively participated in intervention programs of Tai Chi or Brisk Walking for 1 h,5 × wk-1for 16 weeks.Participants were also followed up for 8 weeks after the stop of intervention.Tests were administered at baseline,at 4,8,12 and 16 weeks during training,and at 4 and 8 weeks after training ended.Results During intervention,BQI,BUA,SOS,Ca,P and ALP improved significantly at 12 weeks in the BW group and at 16 week in the TC group.After the intervention stopped,there were no significant changes on all the variables studied in the TC and BW groups.However,the differences between the TC and BW groups on BUA and SOS were significant at 20 weeks.Conclusion During the intervention,Tai Chi and Brisk Walking program could both improve bone mineral density and bone metabolism.At the interview 8 weeks after the intervention stopped,bone mineral density and bone metabolism improvements were maintained in both groups,but the effect of Brisk Walking was better.Therefore,compared with Tai Chi,elderly people can consider Brisk Walking as the preferred form of exercise to improve bone mineral density and bone metabolism.