Purpose To establish myocardial infarction model in rabbits and to evaluate cardiac function and pathological changes.Materials and Methods In 35 New Zealand white rabbits, the left anterior descending branch (LAD) of the coronary artery was ligated. The cardiac function was evaluated using echocardiography, and the blood serum brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) level was examined preoperatively, on postoperative day 1, and in 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 8 weeks for comparison. Pathological sections and HE staining were performed to observe pathological changes. Results The death rate was 28.6% (10/35). There was progressive increase in left ventricular end systolic diameter (LVESD) and left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDD) at 1 week, 2 weeks and 4 weeks (P<0.05). There was progressive decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and left ventricular fractional shortening fraction (LVFS) at 1 day, 1 week, 2 weeks and 4 weeks (P<0.05). The BNP level started increasing in 1 day, peaked in 1 week, then gradually decreased but remained higher than preoperative level in 8 weeks (P<0.01). Pathological section showed typical myocardial cell degeneration, necrosis, ifbrosis, calciifcation and scar formation. Conclusion This myocardial infarction model is satisfactory with signiifcant decrease of cardiac function and increase of BNP level.%目的：建立兔急性心肌梗死模型，并评估梗死后的心功能及病理动态变化。材料与方法35只新西兰大白兔采用开胸结扎冠状动脉左前降支（LAD）制作心肌梗死模型，术后1d、1周、2周、4周、8周行超声心动图检查，同时抽取静脉血检测脑钠肽（BNP）浓度，并与术前及前一时间点比较。制作心肌病理切片，行HE染色并观察病理变化。结果制模总体死亡率为28.6%（10/35）。术后1周、2周、4周左心室舒张末期内径（LVEDD）、收缩末期内径（LVESD）均较术前和前一时间点增大（P<0.05）。术后1 d、1周、2周、4周左心室射血分数（LVEF）、短轴缩短率（LVFS）均较术前和前一时间点降低（P<0.05）。BNP术后1 d开始升高，1周达峰值，然后逐渐下降，至8周仍持续升高（P<0.01）。病理切片呈典型的心肌细胞变性、坏死、纤维化、钙化、瘢痕形成等动态变化。结论开胸结扎兔冠状动脉LAD是建立急性心肌梗死模型的有效方法；兔急性心肌梗死后心功能明显降低、BNP明显升高，其变化与病理演变密切相关。
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